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Using microdata from Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Population Census, this paper explores how spatial characteristics are correlated with temporary employment outcomes for Canada's immigrant population. Results from ordinary least square regression models suggest that census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMAs/CAs) characterized by a high share of racialized immigrants, immigrants in low-income, young, aged immigrants, unemployed immigrants, and immigrants employed in health and service occupations were positively associated with an increase in temporary employment for immigrants. Furthermore, findings from principal component regression models revealed that a combination of spatial characteristics, namely CMAs/CAs characterized by both a high share of unemployed immigrants and immigrants in poverty, had a greater likelihood of immigrants being employed temporarily. The significance of this study lies in the spatial conceptualization of temporary employment for immigrants that could better inform spatially targeted employment policies, especially in the wake of the structural shift in the nature of work brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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This dossier presents normative, case law and bibliographic resources on the legal system governing employment in the civil service. The aim is to present the legal, social, economic and technological context that frames the main innovations and challenges in the organisation of human resources in public administrations. The dossier is divided into four sections. The first section, within the general framework of civil service employment in Spain, shows the proliferation of state and autonomous regional regulations that make up the legal system governing civil service employment based on the guidelines-development regulatory binomial. The second section, on temporary employment and its stabilisation in the civil service, reflects the impact of the economic situation on temporary employment in the civil service, as well as the incidence of autonomous community case law in the process of stabilising said employment. The third section brings together a number of resources that offer insight into the way in which gender mainstreaming is being applied to employment in the civil service. Finally, the fourth section offers materials on teleworking in the public sector within the framework of COVID-19, which has given a significant boost to the already initiated digitalisation of public administrations. © 2022, Escola d'Administracio Publica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.
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Le travail des aides-soignants est insuffisamment valorisé, même si leurs compétences sont mieux reconnues. La relation avec les patients ou résidents comme avec les membres de l'équipe est la source principale de satisfaction au travail. Pourtant, cela ne semble pas suffire pour fidéliser les soignants. © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS
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Wage theft claims against Australian universities have raised awareness of the substantial proportion of academics who are precariously employed and underpaid. The COVID-19 global pandemic has further highlighted the extent of precarity for many working in higher education. It is in this context that we situate this paper, reflecting on how time is experienced for academics in a period of growing uncertainty, and what this means for individuals who work on casual or fixed-term contracts. While previous research has examined how academics experience time, limited attention has been paid to the ways in which time is experienced by those in precarious employment. Drawing on interviews with 24 academics employed on casual or fixed-term contracts, this paper investigates differences between the experiences of time for those in the ‘precariat' and those in ongoing employment. We describe social acceleration and uncertainty as inherent features of the neoliberal context of academia. This paper builds on Ylijioki and Mäntylä's categories of academic time to illustrate how the paid work of precariously employed academics consists primarily of ‘scheduled time'. We argue, however, that academics in short-term or casual employment also engage in substantial unpaid work or ‘concealed time' in order to compete for future employment. While acknowledging the struggles associated with the acceleration of work for all academics, this paper raises significant concerns about the overwork and risk of burnout for those in precarious employment.
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The temporary employment regulation files have been one of the instruments most used by our companies in recent years. These instruments will be analyzed in these lines in three phases based on the social and regulatory context. First, it will begin with the stage prior to the emergence of Covid-19, that is, what is established by the 2015 legislator, fundamentally in article 47 of the Workers' Statute. Subsequently, the evolution that this flexibility and maintenance of employment mechanism has had will be explained from the declaration of the state of alarm on March 14, 2020, until the publication of the recent Royal Decree-Law 32/2020, of October 28. And, finally, in relation to this rule, the changes made by the legislator, with the prior agreement of the social agents, in the temporary employment regulation files will be analyzed.
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INTRODUCTION: The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 forced the confinement of the Spanish population from March to June 2020. In those months, we had to adopt new habits and adapt the old ones to the new circumstances. Oral health habits occupied a privileged place during this stage. OBJECTIVES: General: to analyse the oral health habits adopted by the Spanish population during the period of confinement due to COVID- 19. Specific: to assess whether there have been changes in hygiene habits, among the different groups in the sample, produced by the exceptional situation of confinement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, randomised, nationwide study with a sample of 402 participants. Inclusion criteria were participants aged 16 years or older, resident in Spain during the period of confinement (14 March 2020 - 21 June 2020). Participation was voluntary, guaranteeing anonymity. The questionnaire, once validated, was disseminated via social networks and WhatsApp®. The analysis was carried out with JAMOVI® 1.6 software. RESULTS: 402 people participated, 39.1% of whom were aged between 25 and 32 years. Small changes appear in the oral health of the participants, where 30% of them were on ERTE (Record of Temporary Employment Regulation) and 16% are teleworking. Oral hygiene takes a more visible role in the new routines and tele-dentistry appears as another form of medical visit. The safety of clinics after confinement is a concern for 39.4% of the sample. CONCLUSIONS: Home confinement has proven to be a turning point. Oral health has risen in importance. The digital presence of oral health professionals, and the messages conveyed, have permeated society and tele-dentistry is here to stay. Acquired habits can be modified in exceptional situations such as the one experienced.
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This paper addressed two research questions related to employment throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. First, how did the prevalence of different types of nonstandard employment change before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? Second, how did these changes differ by gender, immigration status, and age group? These questions are important to understanding how economic uncertainty and downturn may impact the types of employment that workers enter and who is impacted. This study pools together 10 Canadian Labour Force Surveys from May 2017 to November 2021 and employs a multivariate linear regression analysis to answer the previously stated research objectives. Within these regression models, we examined the likelihood of entering temporary employment, part-time employment, and nonstandard self-employment before and throughout the pandemic. We also ran several interaction models to test whether changes to different types of nonstandard employment differed by sex, immigration status, and age. These interactions tested whether the likelihood of nonstandard employment differs by each demographic group before and during the pandemic. The findings demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic differed from previous economic crises in its impact on nonstandard employment. The main finding was that rates of nonstandard wage work (temporary and part-time employment) decreased during the first initial lockdown and returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2020. Meanwhile, own-account and part-time self-employment increased during the first wave of the pandemic. During the first few months of the pandemic, the rate of nonstandard employment had a narrower gender gap and a wider immigrant/non-immigrant gap. There is also some evidence that the nonstandard self-employment rate increased among immigrants and women during the first few months.
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Currently, many institutions and academics are working to establish strategies of economic recovery with the aim of mitigating the short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The main aim of this study is to analyze how this crisis has impacted Spanish SMEs, considering their operating, financial, and investment activities. We also analyze the initiatives or public policies that SME managers consider necessary in order to face the effects of COVID-19. To do this, an empirical study has been carried out based on information from 612 Spanish SMEs, estimating a PLS research model and multigroup analysis that considers the activity sector as a moderating variable. The results are useful to companies and different economic and social agents, providing information to facilitate decision-making to overcome pandemic crisis mainly in the economic and strategic spheres.
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Introduction, Objectives, and/or Purpose: The AVLS Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vein Practices Survey Part I and II was conducted to assess the direct and indirect financial impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on vein practices in the United States. This encompasses the initial impact of the pandemic (including mandated practice closures) as well as the long-term affect the pandemic as had on financial revenue, practice expenses and patient volume. The survey included changes that were made to practices as a result of the pandemic and what if any government assistance programs were utilized. The survey also addressed changes in patient demographics as a result of the pandemic including patient age, types of treatments and clinical stage of venous disease at presentation. Methods: The survey was anonymous, all US based AVLS members were invited to participate. Surveys were conducted through SurveyMonkey Inc. (San Mateo, California). AVLS members were notified through email, social media and MAC postings. 93 members completed part I of the survey, open from June 29 to July 31, 2020. As the impact of the pandemic was projected to extend beyond the dates of the first survey, a second was conducted one year later. Part II of the survey was open from February 23 to May 12, 2021. 74 members participated in Part II. 41 participated in both. The state in which the participant's practice is located was asked along with practice setting, size, length the practice has been open and percentage of time dedicated to the treatment of venous and lymphatic disease. Practice types were defined as hospital owned/affiliated, solo practice, owner/partner of multi-physician practice and employed physician of a non-hospital affiliated practice. Questions covered: practice revenue changes, patient volume changes, practice expenses and measures/changes taken to offset losses including government assistance programs. Participants (Part II) were asked if practice revenue had returned to pre-COVID levels. The survey also asked how the participants were handling vaccination of their staff. Results: All practice settings were represented with the largest number of responses from physicians in solo practice, 67% (63) of Part I participants and 81% (60) of Part II participants. The majority of participants reported being in practice for greater than 10 years and having less than 10 non-physician employees prior to the pandemic. A total of 71 (76%) part I participants and 59 (79%) part II participants identified their practice as devoted more than 75% to the treatment of venous and lymphatic disease. Practices from 33 states including the District of Columbia were represented in the survey responses. Participants of Part 1 of the survey were asked to give their best estimate of the negative financial impact of the Covid- 19 pandemic on their practice's revenue since the beginning of the pandemic. 52% reported a 25-50% decrease, 23% reported a less than 25% decrease, 15% reported a 51-75% decrease and 5% reported a greater than 75% decrease. On Part II of the survey conducted approximately 1 year later 53% of participants reported a 25-50% decrease, 23% reported less than 25% decrease, 15% reported 51-75% decrease, 5.4% reported greater than 75% decrease and 4% reported no financial impact. Participants of the Part 1 portion of the survey were asked to give their best estimate of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on their practice's patient volume since the beginning of the pandemic. 43.0% reported a 25-50% decrease, 23.7% reported a 51- 75% decrease, 21.5% reported a greater than 75% decrease, 9.7% reported less than 25% decrease and 2.1% reported no impact on patient volume. On the follow-up portion of the survey conducted approximately one year later 48.7% of participants reported a 25-50% decrease, 31.1% reported less than 25% decrease, 12.2% reported 51-75% decrease, 5.4% reported greater than 75% decrease and 2.7% reported no financial impact. 48.4% of respondent's reported less than 10% increase in expenses on Part I of the survey and 34.4% reported less than 25% increase in expenses as a result of the pandemic on part 1 of the survey. On Part II of the survey 59.5% of respondent's reported less than 10% increase in expenses and 32.4% reported a 10-15% increase in expenses as a result of the pandemic. The majority of practices surveyed reported participating in a government assistance program. The most common program participated in was the Paycheck Protection Program followed by the CARES Act Provide Relief Fund, the Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payment Program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan. 55.4% of survey respondents reported having to temporarily close their practice. 50.0% reported reduced services and 70% reported reduced hours. 2% reported permanent closure of practice and 39.8% reported postponement of planned practice expansion. 50% of survey participants reported their practice temporarily laid off/furloughed employees. 11% reported temporary layoff/furlough of physicians. 15% reported permanent layoff of employees and 3% reported permanent layoff of physicians. 12% reported employee pay cuts and 55% reported physician pay cuts as a result of the pandemic. A small group of participants reported seeking temporary employment elsewhere and 48% reported delay of hiring new staff. Vein practices also saw a change in patient demographics as a result of the pandemic. On Part II of the survey participants were asked if they had seen any of the below listed changes in their patient demographics compared to before the pandemic. 48.9% reported a decrease in the number of patients over the age of 65. 46% reported a decrease in the number of patients with C2 and C3 disease. 23% reported a decrease in the number of patients with C5 and C6 disease. 56.8% of participants reported a decrease in the number of physician referral's and 41.9% reported a decrease in the number of non-physician patient referrals. 62.2% of practices reported a decrease in cosmetic treatments. Only 10.8% of participants reported no change in patient demographics. On part 2 of the survey conducted approximately 1 year after the start of the pandemic participants were asked if their practice revenue had returned to normal pre-COVID levels. Only 14.9% of participants reported that their revenue had returned to normal. 37.8% reported a 25% decrease in revenue, 28.4% reported a 25-50% decrease in revenue and 10.8% reported a greater than 50% decrease in revenue. 8.1% reported increased revenue compared to pre-pandemic times. 89.2% of survey participants reported that they had received or will receive the Covid-19 vaccine. 10.8% reported no to the question. Survey participants were asked if they would be requiring their staff to receive the Covid-19 vaccine. 13.5% reported yes. 14.9% reported no. 71.6% reported they are not requiring employees to receive the vaccine but they will be encouraging them to do so. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant negative financial impact on vein practices in the United States. The negative financial impact of the pandemic has endured for over a year. This decrease in revenue corresponds to a decrease in patient volume. At one year after the start of the pandemic the vast majority of practices surveyed have not returned to a normal practice revenue level. Both the decrease in patient volume and decrease in practice revenue was surveyed to be greater earlier in the pandemic (Part I) This is likely secondary to mandated closures which were more common earlier in the pandemic and thus better captured by the first survey. Most practices participated in some form of government financial assistance and many participated in multiple. Most practices reported an increase in practice expenses related to the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the of the pandemic practices have seen changes in patient demographics compared to before the pandemic. The most significant change was a decrease in patients over the age of 65. Decreases in C2 and C3 patients was more common than C5 and C6 patients. During the surveyed time, practices saw both a decrease in the number of physician referrals and non-physician referred patients. There was a significant decrease in the number of cosmetic treatments during the time surveyed.
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V prispevku analizirava učinke prvega vala epidemije covida-19 na zaposlovanje v Sloveniji v luči nekaterih teorij destandardizacije in segmentacije zaposlovanja. Analizirala sva statistične podatke, ukrepe in politike države ter strategije sindikatov pred in med epidemijo. Epidemija je povzročila močan upad zaposlitev in najbolj prizadela delavce v nestandardnih oblikah (še zlasti študente in zaposlene za določen čas). Glede na padec prometa oz. obsega proizvodnje je bolj kot izvozno usmerjeno predelovalno industrijo prizadela nekatere storitvene panoge (npr. maloprodaja, izvoz), kjer manj vlagajo v veščine zaposlenih;te so namreč v večji meri učinke šoka prevalile na delavstvo in državo. Ugotavljava tudi, da sindikati razcepov na trgu delovne sile niso poglabljali, medtem ko so segmentacijo krepile državne politike pred epidemijo in ukrepi med njo.Alternate :In this paper, we analyse effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic on employment in Slovenia in the light of some theories on the destandardisation and segmentation of employment. We consider statistical databases, state measures and policies, along with union strategies before and during the epidemic. The epidemic has caused a sharp decline in employment and hit hardest those workers holding non-standard forms of employment (especially students and temporary workers). Given the decline in service turnover/production volume, particular service industries (e.g. retail, exports) have been more affected by export-oriented manufacturing that has invested less in employee skills and shifted the effects of the shock to labour and the state. We also note the trade unions have not deepened the splits in labour market divisions, while segmentation has been strengthened by both pre- and post-epidemic state policies.
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The article analyses how the COVID-19 crisis exposed the structural inequalities and the dual position that temporary migrants occupy in Western Europe. Drawing on the case of Eastern European workers in the European Union, it traces the conflict between the need of essential workers and the threat of mobile people. It explores the tension between labour and citizenship, by showing the models of differential inclusion through labour and exclusion from social support that temporary migrants experience. By analysing cases of temporary workers in agriculture, the meat industry and the informal labour in other spheres, the article looks at the emerging "conflict of bodies." On one hand, the significant bodies of the citizens that need to be reproduced by the labour of the migrant workers and at the same time, to be protected from the pandemic threat. On the other hand, the bodies of the workers which are key for this reproduction, but are at the same time dangerous and despite their key role, are being treated as insignificant and easily replaceable.
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As Germany marks the 60th anniversary of admitting its first I Gastarbeiter i (guest workers) from Turkey in 1961, it is important to recognize that guest-worker policies have a long and global history that predates Germany's post-war policies (e.g. Hahamovitch, 2003) and that they are, despite various "obituaries" (e.g. Castles, 1986), still very much alive today. The answer to this and similar questions will not only be relevant to the political dynamics and effectiveness of bilateral migration policy cooperation between high- and lower-income countries, but also to broader debates about the global governance of labour migration. For example, does the prospect of greater control over irregular labour migration flows raise public support for the legal admission of migrant workers, through expanded TLMPs, in high-income countries?. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of International Migration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)